In Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, what principle is established about medical procedures?

• A. Patients have no right to refuse treatment
• B. A doctor must obtain the patient's informed consent before any medical procedure, except in emergency situations
• C. Consent can be assumed if the patient is hospitalized
• D. Written consent is always required

Answer: (B)

Consent before any medical procedure is a fundamental protection of a patient’s bodily autonomy. Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital established that performing surgery or any medical intervention without the patient’s permission constitutes a wrongful act (battery) and that doctors have a duty to obtain the patient’s consent. This case underscores that the patient should be informed about what will be done, the risks, and alternatives so they can make an informed choice, rather than having procedures imposed upon them. It also clarifies that being hospitalized does not equal giving consent, and that in emergencies, consent may be implied when delaying treatment would cause serious harm.